Research-based answers to common questions about travel connectivity and eSIM technology.
An eSIM is a digital SIM card embedded in your device. Carrier profiles are downloaded remotely via QR code or app using the GSMA SGP.22 standard.
GSMA SGP.22 is the Consumer Remote SIM Provisioning standard that governs how eSIM profiles are delivered to consumer devices. It defines the architecture for SM-DP+ servers, LPA software, and eUICC hardware interaction.
A Mobile Virtual Network Operator — a company that doesn't own physical network infrastructure but purchases wholesale access from established carriers. Most travel eSIM providers are MVNOs or sub-MVNOs.
MVNO users typically receive lower QoS priority than direct MNO customers. During congestion, MVNO traffic may be deprioritized. Premium MVNO agreements may include higher priority tiers.
EU Regulation 2022/612 abolished retail roaming surcharges for EU/EEA residents traveling within the EU/EEA. Applies to retail customers of EU-based operators. Non-EU travelers are not covered.
Check settings for an "Add eSIM" option. Most iPhones from XS (2018) onward support eSIM. Many flagship Android devices from 2019 onward. Verify carrier-unlock status.
Throttling reduces data speeds after a threshold. Many plans throttle to 128–512Kbps after the high-speed allowance. At throttled speeds, basic messaging works but video streaming does not.
Many plans permit tethering, but not all. Check plan terms before purchasing. Some plans throttle hotspot speeds even if tethering is permitted.
Typical 4G: 10–100 Mbps download. MVNO deprioritization can reduce speeds during congestion. Rural areas may have lower speeds.
Light usage: 500MB–1GB/day. Moderate: 1–3GB/day. Heavy: 5GB+/day. For a week, 5–10GB is a reasonable estimate for moderate usage.
A device restricted to use with a specific carrier's SIM profiles. If locked, you may not be able to use third-party eSIM profiles. Contact your carrier to request an unlock.
Most travel eSIM plans are data-only. Voice and SMS can be handled through internet-based apps. Some providers offer voice+data plans at higher cost.